The Statistical Properties of Superfluid Turbulence in 4^4He from the Hall-Vinen-Bekharevich-Khalatnikov Model

We obtain the von K\'arm\'an-Howarth relation for the stochastically forced three-dimensional Hall-Vinen-Bekharvich-Khalatnikov (3D HVBK) model of superfluid turbulence in Helium ($^4$He) by using the generating-functional approach. We combine direct numerical simulations (DNSs) and analyitcal studies to show that, in the statistically steady state of homogeneous and isotropic superfluid turbulence, in the 3D HVBK model, the probability distribution function (PDF) $P(\gamma)$, of the ratio $\gamma$ of the magnitude of the normal fluid velocity and superfluid velocity, has power-law tails that scale as $P(\gamma) \sim \gamma^3$, for $\gamma \ll 1$, and $P(\gamma) \sim \gamma^{-3}$, for $\gamma \gg 1$. Furthermore, we show that the PDF $P(\theta)$, of the angle $\theta$ between the normal-fluid velocity and superfluid velocity exhibits the following power-law behaviors: $P(\theta)\sim \theta$ for $\theta \ll \theta_*$ and $P(\theta)\sim \theta^{-4}$ for $\theta_* \ll \theta \ll 1$, where $\theta_*$ is a crossover angle that we estimate. From our DNSs we obtain energy, energy-flux, and mutual-friction-transfer spectra, and the longitudinal-structure-function exponents for the normal fluid and the superfluid, as a function of the temperature $T$, by using the experimentally determined mutual-friction coefficients for superfluid Helium $^4$He, so our results are of direct relevance to superfluid turbulence in this system.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Beam Splitting Planar Inverted F Antenna For 5G Communication

A planar inverted-F antenna with symmetrical split beams and loaded with radio frequency absorbers (here Eccosorb MCS) for 5G communication is proposed. The multi-beam antennas reduce the requirement of number of antennas and provide wide coverage. But they require a complex system such as a phased array or MIMO antennas. On the other hand, multi-beam antennas do not have such requirements. In this work, we propose a PIFA antenna which achieves multi-beam behaviour by six slabs of absorbers placed periodically between the PIFA patch and substrate to split the beams into two directions at +26°. The proposed antenna obtains a frequency band of 24.2- 25.7 GHz and achieves a high gain of approximately 10 dB at +26°. The performance of the proposed antenna is suitable for G communication. All simulations of the antenna are carried out using Ansys HFSS. The design was validated by simulations and later confirmed with measurements. &nbsp

Deep Learning Techniques in Extreme Weather Events: A Review

Extreme weather events pose significant challenges, thereby demanding techniques for accurate analysis and precise forecasting to mitigate its impact. In recent years, deep learning techniques have emerged as a promising approach for weather forecasting and understanding the dynamics of extreme weather events. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art deep learning in the field. We explore the utilization of deep learning architectures, across various aspects of weather prediction such as thunderstorm, lightning, precipitation, drought, heatwave, cold waves and tropical cyclones. We highlight the potential of deep learning, such as its ability to capture complex patterns and non-linear relationships. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of current approaches and highlight future directions for advancements in the field of meteorology. The insights gained from this systematic review are crucial for the scientific community to make informed decisions and mitigate the impacts of extreme weather events

Applied Mathematics for Pharmaceutical Problems Using Robotics as Assistive Tools for Learning: A Comprehensive Review

Smart machine endures getting smarter as they are going to access more about the facts and pieces of evidence that make our work even more authentic than before. The term “robot” was created in 1920 by Czechoslovakian playwright Karel Capek and has been a principal point in science fiction ever since. Pharmacy automation involves machine-driven or mechanical processes of distributing, dispensing and managing medications. Pharmaceutical organizations take advantage of robotics to manoeuvre biological or chemical samples around to integrate novel chemical structure or to test the pharmaceutical value of remaining organic material. Pharmaceutical applications with aid of robotic systems are progressively accepted for enhanced throughput and proficiency to satisfy this growing demand, within a rapidly ageing population that directly requires sophisticated medical devices and newer drugs. According to Robot IQ, mathematics is one of the few main robotics attributes that cannot be learned along the way. A good background in many fields of mathematics and science is needed for robotics at the very least. Several studies have shown that robotics is an effective medium for teaching STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills to students. Thus, Novel methods are under development in machine learning, symbolic reasoning and signal processing which may be utilized in production and packaging concerned to the pharmaceuticals. The target is to review the Planning, Safety, Reliability, Accuracy, Quality, Flexibility, Redeployment, Efficiency and other vital applications of Robotics in Pharmacy

Monopole Cavity Resonator Antenna with AMC and Superstrate for 5G WiMAX Applications

For 5G and WiMAX applications, a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole antenna sandwiched between an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) and a superstrate is investigated. Because traditional planar antennas have low gains, they are unsuitable for a wide range of applications. This paper explores scientific strategies for increasing radiation gain in low-gain antennas such as planar monopoles. We use AMC in conjunction with superstrate to achieve a high gain antenna, with the monopole antenna serving as the primary radiator. However, a superstate like this demands the use of materials with high permittivity, and most of such materials are not readily available on the market. Even if such materials are available, they are mostly expensive and unsuitable for commercial systems. We investigate various superstrates and elaborate on which way these superstrates can be used interchangeably without compromising antenna performance. In the end, we fabricate one of these three superstrates. The antenna, which also employs AMC in tandem with the superstrate, has an impedance bandwidth ranging from 3.2 GHz to 3.75 GHz with 7 dBi gain, so it can be a viable candidate for 5G and WiMAX application

Wideband Slotted Planar Inverted-F Antenna using Eccosorb MCS Absorber for Millimeter-Wave Applications

This work investigates the performance enhancement of the slotted planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) using Eccosorb MCS absorber. In order to check the enhancement of the antenna performance, structure of the PIFA antenna with and without absorber has been analyzed. This antenna structure consists of two slots etched on the patch, which are placed at a height of 0.18λ0 from the substrate. We show that with the application of absorber, the radiation pattern can be transformed and produces the radiation beam in the desired direction. The proposed antenna is loaded with two layers of Eccosorb MCS absorber on the top of the substrate and with the other two layers below the substrate. Apart from providing radiation pattern in the desired direction, the antenna with absorber also provides wideband operation of 57.8 % bandwidth with high gain. The designs were first validated by simulations and then verified by measurement

ANTI MICRO-BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ARJUNARISTA

Arjunarista, an imperative Ayurvedic formulation used for treatment of cardiovascular disorders and prepared by fermenting the decoction of specified plant materials i.e. Arjuna twak (Terminalia arjuna), Draksha phala (Vitis vinifera), Madhuk puspa (Madhuka indica), Dhataki puspa (Woodfordia fruticosa) and Jaggery (Saccharum officinarum). Aim: To assess anti-microbial analysis of Arjunarista. Setting and Design: Arjunarista was prepared as per process of Shandhan kalpana mentioned in manuscripts of Ayurveda with consideration of two variations. These variations were at the level of pot like earthen pot and porcelain pot and addition/deletion of flowers of Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz). Methods and Materials: Micro-biological analysis was done for total bacterial count, total fungal count and specific pathogens. Total bacterial count, total fungal count was done via plate count agar method and potato dextrose agar respectively. Test for specific pathogens like E. coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus & Pseudomonas aeruginosa was done by Violet red bile agar, Salmonella Agar and Mueller Hinton Agar (for last two bacteria). Results: Total bacterial count (TBC) was absent in all batches except one sample of batch II and batch IV respectively. Total fungal count (TFC) was not present in all batches except one sample of batch I. Specific pathogens count were not present at all in any batches. Conclusion: Arjunarista showed anti micro-biological activity irrespective of variations taken in study

Wideband Slotted Planar Inverted-F Antenna using Eccosorb MCS Absorber for Millimeter-Wave Applications

421-428This work investigates the performance enhancement of the slotted planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) using Eccosorb MCS absorber. In order to check the enhancement of the antenna performance, structure of the PIFA antenna with and without absorber has been analyzed. This antenna structure consists of two slots etched on the patch, which are placed at a height of 0.18λ0 from the substrate. We show that with the application of absorber, the radiation pattern can be transformed and produces the radiation beam in the desired direction. The proposed antenna is loaded with two layers of Eccosorb MCS absorber on the top of the substrate and with the other two layers below the substrate. Apart from providing radiation pattern in the desired direction, the antenna with absorber also provides wideband operation of 57.8 % bandwidth with high gain. The designs were first validated by simulations and then verified by measurements